Energy Input and Energy Output of Rained Wheat and Barley and Its Implication for Global Warming: Case of Aqqala in Golestan Province

Recently evaluation of input, output and global warming potential (GWP) has been an extension in the sciences of agricultural. For this study 95 and 83 farmers were selected for rained wheat and rained barely in the north of Gorgan, respectively. The data including (machines, seeds, fertilizers, fuel, and pesticides) were collected by questionnaire. Then fuel, input and output energy, energy evaluation indexes and global warming potential (kg CO2/ha-1) were calculated. Results showed that the most direct input energy from fuel in rained wheat and barley was 38.8 and 46.8 percent respectively fuel. Also, the highest indirect input energy in rained wheat and barley was 31.3 and 19.1 respectively that related to fertilizers. The ratio of output to input energy in rained wheat and barley were calculated 5.01 and 5.3 respectively. The GWP respectively observed in rained wheat and barley were 943.5 and 739.1 (kg CO2/ha-1). In both crops, the highest GWP was related to nitrogen fertilizer and fuel consumption. In both crops, the consumption of fuel and fertilizer constitute the high percentage of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. So, the use of devices that reduce fuel consumption is recommended, also need for research and investigation on crop rotation and nitrogen fixation plants were revealed.